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Chinese to English - Rates: 0.07 - 0.10 USD per character / 30 - 50 USD per hour English to Chinese - Rates: 0.07 - 0.08 USD per word / 30 - 50 USD per hour Japanese to English - Rates: 0.07 - 0.09 USD per character / 30 - 50 USD per hour
Translation - English Types of Disciplinary Sanctions
All disciplinary investigations in this company shall be carried out by a Disciplinary Committee. Members of the Disciplinary Committee will be appointed by the company president for each case that arises, and disciplinary actions will be undertaken in increasing levels of severity as described below.
(1) Official Warning –a written apology will be demanded, a stern warning will be issued, and the offender will be cautioned against future misconduct either verbally or in writing;
(2) Suspension from Duties –a written notice of suspension will be issued to suspend all duties without pay for a stipulated period of no more than 7 days.
(3) Salary Reduction, Demotion – a written notice will be issued to absolve all his/her duties, and demote his/her grade together with a salary reduction with effect from the following month.
(4) Punitive Dismissal – employment will be terminated with immediate effect and severance allowance withheld.
(Official Warning)
According to the regulations of the Employee Undertakings, should an employee be found to have misconducted himself or herself in any of the following ways, an official warning will be issued:
(1) failed to comply with any regulation stated in the Progressive Discipline Policy or with any other company regulation, without due reason;
(2) habitually absents himself or herself from work without prior notice and without reasonable cause;
(3) is frequently absent, late in reporting for work, leaving early or leaving his/her workplace to attend to personal businesses;
(4) failed to discharge his/her job responsibilities, or was negligent in his/her duties, or when the employee’s professional integrity is questionable;
(5) failed to follow instructions in the course of his/her work;
(6) his/her poor supervision or guidance had resulted in disciplinary actions being taken against his/her subordinate(s);
(7) was negligent or untruthful in procedural or other forms of reporting;
(8) or, the employee had misconducted himself or herself in a way that is equivalent in severity to those listed above.
(Salary Reduction, Suspension from Duties, Demotion in Position, Demotion in Grade)
Should an employee be found to have misconducted himself or herself in any of the following ways, he/she will be subjected to disciplinary sanctions, namely, salary reduction, or suspension from duties, or demotion in position and grade, in accordance to the severity of the misconduct:
(1) received 2 official warnings and remains recalcitrant;
(2) disrupted the order of the workplace (office or job site), by engaging in quarrels or fights, or with drunken or other inappropriate behaviours;
(3) behaved in an indecent or dishonest manner;
(4) through negligence in duties, poor supervision, or failure to follow instructions from superiors, severely and adversely affected the company’s business;
(5) damaged the company’s equipment or facility, mechanical device, or vehicle in the office or at the job site; or had lost company materials or funds;
(6) removed or attempted to remove the company’s funds, property or seal without authorization;
(7) participated in gatherings or other non work related activities, at the office or job site, and without prior permission;
(8) tarnished the company’s reputation, or disclosed confidential information through his/her actions and words or through publication on the internet;
(9) acted against the company’s business policies or against interests of the company through his/her actions or words.
(Punitive Dismissal)
Clause 73 – Should an employee be found to have misconducted himself or herself in any of the following ways, he or she will be subjected to punitive dismissal:
(1) was absent without prior notification for over a week, and without due reason, and had failed to respond to the company’s attempts to contact him/her;
(2) falsified his/her credentials or employment history, or resorted to other deceptive or dishonest means to get himself or herself employed; thereby causing substantial damages to the company, or in severely and adversely affecting its business;
(3) without prior permission from the company, was concurrently engaged in another employment; or had engaged in outside business for self interest;
(4) misappropriated and/or embezzled the company’s fund or property; alternatively, had or had attempted to abuse his/her position at work for such purposes;
(5) had stolen or attempted to steal a co-worker’s money or possession whilst at work;
(6) acted violently, thereby causing injury to another person;
(7) used verbal or physical violence to intimidate or harass a co-worker, thereby interfering with the latter’s work;
(8) severely tarnished the company’s reputation;
(9) is recurrently engaged in indecent or dishonest acts, and remains recalcitrant;
(10) intentionally damaged or destructed the company’s equipment or facility, machinery, instrument, vehicle, etc., at the office or job site; or had lost or destructed monetary assets belonging to the company;
(11) breached the confidentiality of business information, thereby causing the company to sustain severe damages to its business;
(12) fabricated and/or circulated false or vicious rumour(s) about the company, thereby causing the company to sustain serious damages;
(13) is deemed to be recalcitrant of his/her misconducts(s), despite repeated disciplinary sanctions such as warnings, salary reductions or suspensions from duty.
＜Handling Internal Information using Data Storage Media＞
(Official warning, Salary reduction, Suspension from duty, Demotion in grade, Demotion in position)
Clause 72 (2) - Should an employee be found to have misconducted himself or herself in one of the following ways whilst using an electronic device, such as a computer, he or she will be subjected to disciplinary sanctions, namely, salary reduction, or suspension from duties, or demotion in position and grade:
(1) changed the device’s start-up password, authorized access settings, etc., without prior legitimate authorization;
(2) used another person’s email address, or changed another person’s email settings without prior legitimate authorization;
(3) used email address(es) other than those authorized by the company;
(4) introduced or sent out a computer virus;
(5) replied to or forwarded the contents of an email from a questionable source without discretion;
(6) used a company-owned electronic data processing device (e.g. Personal Computer, Mobile phone, etc.) for private purposes that are unrelated to the company’s business;
(7) used a personal removable data storage device (e.g. External hard disk, USB memory storage device, etc.) to copy or save internal information;
(8) saved personal data, software, etc. into a company-owned data storage device (e.g. Hard disk, USB memory storage device, etc.);
(9) damaged a company-owned electronic data processing device due to gross negligence;
(10) intentionally or due to gross negligence, damaged or destructed a data storage device (e.g. Hard disk, USB memory storage device, etc.) containing confidential information;
(11) removed business-related information from the company;
(12) or, the employee had misconducted himself or herself in a way that is equivalent in severity to those listed above
2. Should an employee be found to have misconducted himself or herself in one of the following ways, he or she will be subjected to punitive dismissal.
(1) breached the confidentiality of business-related data (information), thereby severely and adversely affecting the company’s business;
(2) intentionally damaged a company-owned electronic data processing device, or had damaged or destructed a data storage device (e.g. Hard disk, USB memory storage device, etc.) in which confidential information had been saved.
(3) intentionally caused damage to the data, software, or other resources found in a company-owned data processing device, rendering it unusable;
(4) or, the employee misconducted himself or herself in a way that is equivalent in severity to those listed above.
(Damage Compensation)
Should an employee cause the company to sustain damages through his/her willful intention, gross negligence and/or failure to afford adequate care to an area where care is normally due, the employee is required to compensate the company for its loss either in full or in part. The said compensation, however, will not exempt the employee from further disciplinary sanctions.
Chinese to English: Chemical Patent (Chinese to English) General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Translation - English 1. A dialkylphosphinate having the following structure ( I ),
(I)
Wherein, R 1, R 2 are each independently, C2-C6 alkyl;
M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr or Sr;
m is 1-4;
Wherein the telomer comprises of a 0.1-10mol% ethylbutyl-phosphinic acid, ethyl-(4-methyl-phenylethyl) phosphinate and / or butyl-(4-methyl-phenylethyl) phosphinate.
2. A dialkylphosphinate according to claim 1, wherein R 1, R 2 are each independently, ethyl, propyl, butyl, iso-butyl and / or pentyl.
3. A method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a) with toulene as solvent, reacting high concentrations of hypophosphorous acid with olefin in the presence of an initiator to produce a mixture of dialkyl-phosphinic acid and an organic-phase solution;
b) removing the organic-phase solution from the above mixture by water extraction or distillation at reduced pressure, and diluting the extract with water to obtain a dialkyl-phosphinic acid solution;
c) The dialkyl phosphinic acid aqueous solution and an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound to obtain a dialkyl phosphinic acid Salt Aqueous solution;
d) Reacting the above aqueous dialkylphosphinate solution with an aqueous solution of a metallic compound to produce metal dialkylphosphinate;
wherein the concentration of the said concentrated hypophosphorous acid is 90% to 100% (in mass fraction) ;
the said alkaline compound is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium acetate or potassium acetate, preferably sodium hydroxide;
the said metal compound is a compound of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Sr.
4. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein the said initiator is an azo initiator, an organic peroxide initiator or an inorganic peroxide initiator.
5. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 4, wherein said azo initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile or azobisisobutyronitrile HEPTANITRILE; the said organic peroxide initiator is a peroxybenzoate, lauroyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, peroxycarbonate, peroxy-diacetate, tert-butylperoxy isobutyrate, tert-butyl peroxypivalate or tert-amyl peroxide; the said inorganic peroxide initiator is ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate.
6. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3,wherein the said toulene and concentrated hypophosphorous acid are in a mass ratio of 0.2 to 3:1, preferably 0.7:1.
7. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein said olefin is an α- Olefin, preferably ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, or a mixture thereof.
8. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3,wherein the said concentrated hypophosphorous acid and olefin are in molar ratios above 2:1, preferably 2.1 to 2.5:1.
9. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3,wherein step a), the temperature of the said reaction is 50 to 100 ℃, preferably 70 to 80 ℃ ; the reaction pressure is 0 .5 MPa to 6MPa, preferably 0 .6 MPa to 2.5MPa.
10. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the said aqueous dialkyl-phosphinic acid solution is 5% to 60% (in mass fraction), preferably 10% to 40%.
11. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the said alkaline compound to dialkyl-phosphinic acid is 0.9 to1.1:1; concentration of the said aqueous solution of alkaline compound is 1% to 50% (in mass fraction), preferably 10% to 30%.
12. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein said metal compound is aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum acetate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride hexahydrate, ferric hydroxide, ferric nitrate, iron oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium acetate, magnesium nitrate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc hydroxide, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous hydroxide, or ferrous acetate.
13. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein the said reaction at step (d) occurs at temperatures from 0 ℃ to 150 ℃ , preferably from 70 ℃ to 90 ℃.
14. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3, wherein the metal dialkylphosphinate obtained in step (d) is extracted from the said mixture by filtration or centrifugation.
15. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3,wherein preparation of the said concentrated hypophosphorous acid comprises the steps of:
a) boiling 50wt% aqueous hypophosphorous acid solution with organic solvent (I) in an inert environment, distilling off the solvent to obtain a distillate with 80〜95wt% hypophosphorous acid, then separating the hypophosphorous acid from the remaining solvent.
b) boiling the hypophosphorous acid obtained in step (a) with organic solvent (II) in an inert environment, and subjecting the mixture to distillation under reduced pressure to remove organic solvent (II) and to obtain concentrated hypophosphorous acid.
Wherein the said organic solvent (I) is benzene, toluene, xylene, chloroform or cyclohexane; the said organic solvent (II) is methanol or ethanol.
16. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 15, wherein the said organic solvent I and hypophosphorous acid are in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 2:1, preferably 0.5 to 1.2:1; organic solvent II and hypophosphorous acid are in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 2:1, preferably 0.5 to 1.2:1.
17. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 3,wherein preparation of the said concentrated hypophosphorous acid comprises the steps of:
a) concentrating 50wt% aqueous hypophosphorous acid solution in vacuo to obtain a distillate with mass fraction between 80 to 95%;
b) boiling the hypophosphorous acid obtained in step (a) with organic solvent (II) in an inert environment, and subjecting the mixture to distillation under reduced pressure to remove organic solvent (II) and to obtain concentrated hypophosphorous acid.
wherein the said organic solvent (II)is methanol or ethanol, and organic solvent II and hypophosphorous acid are in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 2:1, preferably 0.5 to 1.2:1.
18. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 17, wherein the pressure required for stage (a) is -0.090MPa to -0.100MPa.
19. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 15 or 17, wherein the distiller for the said distillation process is equipped with an oil-water separator and a condenser.
20. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 15 or 17, wherein the distiller for the said distillation is is equipped with an oil-water separator and a condenser, which are each equipped with a desiccant system and an opening to facilitate the removal of the desiccant system.
21. The method for preparing dialkylphosphinate according to claim 20, wherein the desiccant in the said solid desiccant system is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, silica gel, alumina gel, a molecular sieve, a mineral desiccant or a fibrous desiccant.
22. The product according to claim 1, wherein the product is used for flame retardation.
23. A flame retardant polymeric molding material containing the dialkylphosphinate according to Claim 1, wherein the material comprises 5-20wt% dialkylphosphinate, 50-70wt% polymer or mixtures thereof ,15-30wt% glass fiber , and 1-5wt% other additives.
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Graduate diploma - University of Portsmouth
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Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2013. Became a member: Dec 2013.
Member since Dec '13
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